The study looked at how changes in exchange rates affect trade between Pakistan and its major trading partners. They found that exchange rate volatility has a big impact on exports to the UK, Netherlands, and USA, as well as on imports from the UK, USA, and China. This can be bad for Pakistan's imports, but it could be improved by finding local alternatives or raising import taxes on non-essential items. The study suggests that the availability of financial tools to manage exchange rate risks and an increase in trade within industries may lessen the impact of exchange rate changes on trade.