Political parties in Nigeria and Kenya hinder broader citizen participation.
The political systems in Nigeria and Kenya favor top-down decision-making and lack broad citizen participation. Efforts to increase political consensus and involvement are often ignored. Both countries have policies supporting wider participation, but they are not effectively implemented. This study used discursive participation theory to analyze the situation in these two African nations. Despite legal provisions, critical communities like women, youth, and civil society are still not adequately included in the political process.