The researchers investigated how the top coal behaves in fully mechanized coal mining to improve recovery rates. They used models and measurements to see how the top coal moved at the face ends during caving. Results showed high pressure and vertical displacement at the transport and return air troughs. Pressure concentration was 2.35 and vertical displacement was 9.2cm at the transport trough. At the return air trough, the pressure concentration was 3.53 and vertical displacement reached 102cm. Understanding these movements will help ensure safe and efficient coal mining.