The US and EU have been in a trade war for a while, but it's not as talked about as the US-China trade war. This study compares the current US-EU trade war to past ones to see if anything new is happening. They looked at different aspects like what the issues are, how they retaliate, if trade policy mixes with foreign policy, and if they use WTO processes. The study found that while there are some differences, the current trade war is just a new version of an old problem. This means that the US-EU trade war probably won't harm their long-term relationship. Also, the risks from this trade war are not as big as the risks from the US-China trade war.