Old and high-density urban areas in Hanoi have better design qualities.
Urban design qualities in Hanoi were studied across different types of urban areas. Old and high-density areas had better design qualities than modern and low-density ones. The number of pedestrians on the streets also affected design quality. Hanoi's urban design is different from Western cities, especially in terms of imageability and complexity. This study helps policymakers and urban planners understand how to create sustainable urban design policies for Hanoi.