The researchers studied how solar panels and wind turbines affect electricity use and costs on a dairy farm. They used math models to predict how much electricity the renewable systems would produce and how much the farm would use. They found that using an Ice Bank milk cooling system with night time electric water heating and a Day/Night electricity tariff was the best option for saving money. The annual electricity costs varied from €2,359 to €3,113 with solar panels and from €2,452 to €3,191 with wind turbines. Grid-connected solar panels and standalone systems saved similar amounts of money in certain situations. Wind turbines' savings depended on feed-in tariffs, while solar panels' savings varied based on the technology used.