Manure boosts wheat yield in saline water irrigation, saving water.
Manure and proper irrigation can help increase wheat yield in areas with water scarcity. A study in North China Plain found that using manure as fertilizer improved grain yield by up to 37.5% compared to chemical fertilizer. Increasing irrigation quantities also boosted yield by 15.1%. The combination of manure fertilizer and specific saline water irrigation levels led to the highest yields and water savings. Saline water irrigation threshold increased from 6.0 to 8.8 dS m−1 with manure and deficit irrigation, resulting in stable high yields. Manure also increased soil organic matter and reduced soil salinity, improving soil health. Overall, using manure and optimizing irrigation can help farmers save water and increase wheat production in water-scarce regions.