The study tested different methods to control runoff and soil erosion on sloping farmland. They found that soil and water conservation measures like grass revegetation, fish-scale pits, and straw mulching were effective in reducing runoff and soil loss. These measures delayed runoff, decreased runoff coefficients, and significantly reduced sediment loss. However, the effectiveness decreased at higher inflow rates, especially for fish-scale pits. Straw mulching had the most impact on reducing runoff and sediment loss compared to the other methods. Overall, these findings provide useful guidance for preventing soil erosion on sloping farmland in the Loess Plateau.