The erosion process on loess slopes in China is influenced by rainfall intensity, slope length, and gradient. By simulating rainfall indoors, it was found that longer slopes and higher rain rates led to quicker runoff. Sediment yield increased initially and then stabilized. Higher rainfall, longer slopes, and steeper gradients contributed to more sediment. A 10m slope with a 15° angle had the highest erosion under heavy rain, while erosion decreased with longer slope lengths under moderate rain. Rainfall, slope length, and steepness all boosted runoff. Rainfall intensity had the most impact on runoff rate, contributing nearly half towards it.