Gender differences in time use show that women tend to focus more on household chores and childcare, while men tend to prioritize paid work. Marriage and parenthood lead to significant changes in time allocation, with women facing more penalties in terms of labor market participation, unpaid domestic work, and leisure time compared to men. This study analyzed time use patterns in 19 countries and found that women of prime working age are the most affected by these inequalities. Men, on the other hand, do not always face penalties and sometimes even benefit from marriage and parenthood.