Improving how industrial land is used in China can affect air pollution from PM2.5 particles. A study looked at 270 cities from 2015 to 2018 and found that better land use efficiency can change PM2.5 pollution levels. The impact varies across regions, with the east having higher efficiency. Cities with more pollution are mostly in the north, while the southeast and southwest have lower levels. Wealthier areas tend to see less pollution with improved land use, while poorer areas see more. The relationship between land use efficiency and pollution follows a curve, where pollution first increases then decreases. Other factors like income, population density, industrial emissions, and rainfall also affect PM2.5 pollution. These findings help understand how land use affects the environment and can guide government policies.