In the study about a desalination plant in Malaysia, researchers checked the carbon footprint of the plant's seawater production. They looked at three parts of how the plant works to see how it affects the environment. Results showed that using Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology in the plant helps keep carbon dioxide emissions low, about 3.5 × 10−2 kg of CO2 per m3/year. This means the RO method is a good choice to meet environmental goals. However, more research is needed on factors that could affect carbon footprint decisions, like missing data and the need for more details on carbon footprint in Malaysia.