Beta diversity, which shows how different species are spread out among different areas, can help us understand how communities of species are put together. The amount of beta diversity and how it changes across different places can tell us how communities are formed. The number of species in a region, how common they are, and how many are actually counted all affect beta diversity. By looking at different factors like regional species pools and local abundance, we can see that beta diversity changes in different ways depending on these factors. A study on ant communities in the Eastern Himalayas found that the way beta diversity changes along an elevation gradient shifts from having fewer species available to not counting all the species at mid-elevations. This shows that different processes happening at the same time can affect how species are spread out across different places.