The study looked at how different arrangements of Malabar neem trees affect the growth and yield of black gram crops in Tamil Nadu. They planted two types of black gram with the trees at various spacings and compared them to black gram grown alone. The results showed that black gram plants grew better and produced more seeds when planted in wider spaces between the trees. The closer spacing didn't work as well for the crops. So, if you want to grow black gram under Malabar neem trees, it's best to give them more room to spread out.