Fluorine in loess in the Shaanxi Loess Plateau was studied to understand its distribution and potential risks. The majority of fluorine in loess is unextractable. Water-soluble fluorine is the most common extractable form. Loess in the southeast has the highest water-soluble fluorine, while the southwest has the highest total fluorine. The overall fluorine content in loess is low, but still important for mobility. The quality of fluorine in loess is considered poor due to high water-soluble fluorine. Grazing animals in the southwest may face higher fluorine risks. Children are not at risk from ingesting loess fluorine. Fluorine in loess can contribute to high-fluoride groundwater.