Phytoremediation is a green and cost-effective way to clean up heavy metal pollution in the environment. Different methods like phytoextraction and phytovolatilization can help reduce contamination. The amount of plants and how easily the metals can be absorbed by soil affect how well phytoremediation works. Challenges include low efficiency and how to get rid of the contaminated plants safely. Methods like pyrolysis and incineration can help, but they can be expensive and risky. Different forms of heavy metals in plants can affect how likely they are to leak out. By understanding these challenges, we can improve phytoremediation technology for a cleaner environment.