The Seminar on Railway Concessioning in Africa focused on the declining role of railways in Africa's transport sector despite their potential benefits. The conference emphasized practical experiences over theoretical discussions, highlighting the importance of effective railway management through concessioning. Participants discussed the responsiveness of potential rail users to services, costs, and reliability, as well as the benefits and risks of concessioning from a policy-driven perspective. The goal was to assess how rail concessioning can help Africa's railways play a crucial role in the continent's transport system.