The article compares how well African countries are using development aid for water and sanitation. They created a measurement tool called the Watsan Index of Development Effectiveness (WIDE) to rank countries based on their progress in providing safe water and sanitation. The study looked at factors like aid received, GDP, water resources, and governance level to see how they influenced access to water and sanitation. The researchers found that some countries, like Kenya, Madagascar, Burkina Faso, and Uganda, were more successful in using aid effectively for water and sanitation projects.