The article discusses Brazil's leadership in the biofuel industry, comparing it to the United States. It explores the use of sugarcane for biofuels, including ethanol production and flex-fuel cars. The research highlights the benefits of biofuels in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving energy balance. Additionally, it examines the potential of sugarcane straw for biofuel production and the development of bioplastics. The study also addresses the impact of biofuels on public health and provides cautionary notes. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of biofuels as a sustainable alternative to traditional fuels.