The study looked at how the history of grazing in an area affects the tree-line ecotone in Western Norway. By comparing two locations with different grazing histories, researchers found that the structure of trees and ground cover varied. Differences were seen in tree age, height, circumference, and the types of plants on the ground. This shows that the history of an area, including grazing, plays a big role in how the tree-line ecotone responds to changes in climate.