The article looks at how sanitation markets work in informal settlements in East Africa. The researchers surveyed over 5,000 households in Kigali, Kampala, and Kisumu, and also did interviews and discussions. They found that each city has different types of sanitation services available. Kampala has more construction and emptying services, while Kigali has more organic solutions. However, people in these cities don't buy these products and services much because they don't meet their needs. The focus should be on understanding what people actually want and need in terms of sanitation.