The article discusses fishing gear and methods in the lower Mesopotamian plain. In the marshlands, there are four main fishing methods, with nets being the most popular. Both active and passive fishing gear are used. Marsh Arabs use traditional gear, but it's not very efficient for income. Fishers in the marine habitat use more modern gear. The marshland restoration plan aims to preserve tradition while promoting good conservation practices. Conservation issues like non-target animals and by-catch are raised, with loose regulations on mesh size and fishing licenses.