The researchers conducted a field experiment to see how different types of fertilizers affect mustard and rice crops. They found that using a higher level of fertilizer increased mustard yield by 165%. Adding mustard crop residue or green manure also boosted rice grain yield by 9-21%. Organic materials, alone or with inorganic fertilizer, improved soil fertility over two years by increasing organic carbon content and available nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.