Intercropping maize and pigeonpea in specific row ratios and population levels in Karnataka showed higher yields and profits compared to growing them separately. The best results were seen with a 4:2 row ratio and 100:50 population levels, resulting in the highest maize equivalent yield, net returns, and benefit-cost ratio. While intercropping reduced the yield of individual crops, the overall yield and income were still higher due to the combined effect of both crops.