The article explores the history of economic thought, covering key figures and theories from different time periods. It discusses the evolution of economic ideas, from preclassical to classical to neoclassical economics, highlighting important writers and their contributions. The researchers emphasize the diversity of economic perspectives and the benefits of studying the history of economic thought. Key topics include Adam Smith's analysis of markets, Ricardo's theories on land rent, and the transition to neoclassical economics with figures like Alfred Marshall and Vilfredo Pareto. The article also delves into critiques of neoclassical economics and debates about capitalism and socialism.