The researchers developed a model to understand how soil structure affects how water flows through it. They found that the way particles are arranged in soil, along with how much empty space there is (porosity), affects how difficult it is for water to move through the soil. The model showed that the more unevenly particles are arranged, the harder it is for water to flow. Also, when there are more obstacles in the soil, water has a harder time moving through. As the amount of empty space in the soil increases, the impact of particle arrangement on water flow decreases. This study helps us better understand how water moves through soil.