Construction firms in Japan collude on $40 billion projects, impacting fair competition.
Construction firms in Japan colluded in procurement auctions, as shown by analyzing data from 42,000 auctions worth $40 billion. Collusion was detected when all initial bids failed to meet a secret reserve price, leading to rebids. Over 1,000 firms engaged in non-competitive behavior, winning 15,000 projects, which is 37% of the total projects studied.