The article discusses how fertility in Latvia has changed over the past century. Fertility rates started dropping in the late 1800s, earlier than in other parts of the Russian Empire. Currently, the total number of children born to women has been between 1.7 and 2.0, but the overall fertility rate is decreasing. People in Latvia generally prefer having two children. Birth control is commonly used, and very few families are childless or have many children. Socio-economic differences in fertility still exist but are getting smaller.