Plants face challenges from harsh environments, which can harm their growth and crop yield. Abiotic stresses like extreme temperatures or lack of nutrients trigger complex responses in plants. Calcium ions play a crucial role in these responses, acting as messengers to transmit signals within the plant. Researchers have studied how plants react to salt, osmotic stress, and nutrient changes to understand how calcium signaling works. They found that calcium is essential for plants to sense and respond to these stresses effectively. This knowledge can help improve crop resilience and ecosystem stability in the face of environmental challenges.