The article discusses how male and female fire millipedes in Southern Africa differ and why this matters. The researchers wanted to understand how these differences affect mating behaviors and competition for mates. They looked at how size, genitalia, and mating strategies influence the way these millipedes reproduce. They found that male and female millipedes have distinct sexual characteristics, suggesting different mating strategies and competition for mating success. This could lead to a conflict of interests during mating. The research sheds light on how these differences impact the reproductive behaviors of fire millipedes in the region.