Scientists studied how different atmospheric depths on Mars affect radiation levels. They used a simulator to see how Galactic cosmic rays interact with the Martian atmosphere and terrain. They found that thicker atmospheres can reduce heavy ion radiation, but increase the production of secondary neutrons. Neutron flux and effective dose peak around 30 cm below the surface, which is important for shielding against radiation on Mars. They also estimated optimal shielding depths for future Martian habitats based on different surface pressures and solar conditions.