This study looked at how the slope of land and wetness of soil impact the way water flows across and through the ground. They tested this using soil found in a specific region in Poland. The results showed that on less permeable ground, water mostly flows over the surface rather than soaking into the soil. A small slope doesn't change how much water runs off but affects how quickly it happens. If the soil is already wet before rain, more water runs off faster as the soil gets saturated. By using different models, they found that the type of soil greatly influences how accurately we can predict water runoff. A specific model they used worked well but needed some adjustments based on real-world data.