Forest cover in a Mexican agricultural frontier decreased by 45% from 1991 to 2016, with more forest loss than regrowth. Secondary forests remained stable, indicating a shift away from shifting cultivation. Factors like climate, land ownership, and soil quality influenced forest disturbance and regrowth. Forests were better conserved on communal land, while secondary forests were more persistent on larger farms with better soil quality. Agricultural activities were concentrated on productive lands, leading to less forest cover near main roads. The study shows that private land ownership may lead to forest loss, and conservation efforts should benefit entire communities. Balancing forest regrowth with agricultural production is crucial for successful restoration efforts.