Coal, a harmful fossil fuel, poses environmental and carbon emission challenges. While natural gas has largely replaced coal in electricity generation, coal reserves could last longer and continue meeting energy needs. There are various types of coal, each with different properties for combustion and content. Coal is mined globally using different methods and is traded as a commodity, impacting its value and prices. Despite concerns about climate change, coal remains a significant energy source in countries like China and India. Even with the lack of effective carbon capture and storage methods, coal might still have a role in transitioning to cleaner energy.