The article discusses the concept of retrofitting, which involves making improvements to existing structures, equipment, and plants to enhance their performance during earthquakes. The main focus is on whether retrofitting is beneficial and cost-effective, especially in developing countries. The researchers explore the benefits and costs of retrofitting lifelines, structures, and equipment, and discuss the performance of retrofitted properties during earthquakes. The key findings suggest that retrofitting can help improve the resilience of buildings and infrastructure in earthquake-prone areas, potentially saving lives and reducing damage.