The study looked at 34 research papers on how companies in Poland decide on their capital structure from 2001 to 2012. They wanted to know which factors, like country or company-specific ones, influenced how much debt companies took on. They found that over the years, companies in Poland have been taking on more debt, especially short-term debt. Large companies listed on the stock market were less affected by country-specific factors. The reasons why companies choose their capital structure mostly support the pecking order theory, with only a small role for the target capital structure idea.