The Water Quality Index was used to assess the water quality of Al-Gharraf River in Iraq by analyzing 11 parameters. The river water was classified as good for drinking at the first station, poor at stations 2, 3, 4, and very poor at station 5. When turbidity was considered, the entire river was deemed unsuitable for drinking. This study emphasizes the importance of using water quality indices to understand the overall impact of ecological factors on surface water quality and to help improve water quality for local communities.