The scientists studied semen samples from 520 men in Nepal who were part of infertile couples. They wanted to understand the types of abnormalities in the semen of these men. The researchers found that 44% of the samples had issues, with weak sperm movement (asthenozoospermia) and absence of sperm (azoospermia) being the most common problems. Other abnormalities included low sperm count, abnormal sperm shape, and a mix of these issues. These results indicate that abnormal semen plays a big role in infertility in this region. The study shows that semen analysis is crucial for assessing male infertility, and further research is needed to uncover the reasons behind these issues for better treatment.