The article discusses the history and evolution of banking laws and regulations, starting from the 18th and 19th centuries in America up to the present day. It highlights the problems in bank regulation and suggests potential solutions. The Dodd-Frank Act, a significant regulatory change following the 2007-2009 financial crisis, is also covered. The chapter then shifts focus to banking regulation in the European Union, including reform proposals. The overall goal is to provide an integrated discussion on the economics and philosophy behind bank regulation.