The article discusses risk aversion in decision-making, where people prefer less risky options. It introduces the concept of certainty equivalent and shows that risk aversion is linked to concavity of utility function. The comparison of risk aversion between individuals is explored, along with measures like the de Finetti–Arrow–Pratt index. The study also looks at aversion towards increasing risk, such as through mean preserving spreads and probability mixtures. It concludes that some forms of risk aversion are stronger than what is predicted by traditional expected utility theory.