Permafrost is frozen ground found in cold regions. This article talks about where permafrost is, how it forms, and what it's made of. It also looks at how permafrost changes over time and how it affects the land. Scientists study the properties of frozen and unfrozen ground to understand permafrost better. They use different methods to model how permafrost moves and changes. The main findings include details about where permafrost is in the world, how thick it is, and how it changes with the seasons.