The researchers developed a new index to measure the intensity of urban heat islands in Isfahan. They used satellite data to distinguish between urban and non-urban areas and calculated the heat island index for the city. The study found that Isfahan experiences a significant heat island effect, with temperatures in the city center being 3.5-4 degrees higher than surrounding areas at night. The intensity of the heat island is strongest in January and decreases in summer, but overall, it has been increasing in recent years. The oldest part of the city has the highest heat island effect.