Flour quality affects gluten strength, impacting baking properties and standards.
The study looked at the quality and properties of wheat and rye flour from different companies in Russia. They found that protein content in wheat flour doesn't always determine gluten quality. Some wheat flour with lower protein had good gluten, while some with higher protein had weak gluten. Most rye flour samples didn't meet quality standards, with high ash content and some showing unusual enzyme activity. Some rye flour had additives to improve baking properties.