Crop plants are affected by changing weather conditions, leading to stress and reduced productivity. Climate change worsens these effects. Plants respond to stress in different ways, such as avoiding, escaping, or being susceptible. Developing crop varieties that can tolerate stress is crucial. Breeding methods focus on traits that help plants withstand stress, with biotechnology aiding in faster development of tolerant varieties. Different plants and genotypes have varying responses to stress. Overall, the goal is to enhance crop productivity under challenging environmental conditions.