A study was done in Nepal to see how planting different legume crops in the winter affects soil fertility and maize yield. They grew chickpea, garden pea, field pea, lentil, grass pea, Berseem, rajma bean, and maize. Lentil had the most dry matter and nitrogen in its residues. Field pea had the highest soil organic matter and total nitrogen, while Berseem had the most available phosphorus in the soil. Lentil plots had the highest grain, straw, and dry matter yields for maize. Maize from lentil plots also absorbed the most nitrogen. Overall, planting lentil in the winter and using its residues improved soil fertility and maize yield in Nepal.