The article discusses how exchanging identical particles in quantum systems can lead to different phase factors than expected. This is because there are additional single-particle phases involved, not just the exchange itself. The researchers argue that this also applies to anyons, which are exotic particles with unique properties. They suggest that these extra phases could affect the performance of quantum computers based on anyons. The findings highlight the importance of considering all factors, including geometric and dynamical phases, in quantum computations involving identical particles and anyons.