The article discusses cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in COVID-19 patients, where air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This complication is a direct result of lung tissue damage caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The researchers observed four patients with this condition during the pandemic, highlighting the need for urgent surgical intervention in some lung complications of COVID-19. The study focuses on understanding why pneumothorax occurs in COVID-19 pneumonia compared to other viral pneumonias like the flu.