Bird diversity in the Altai Mountains was studied to see how different landscapes affect bird communities. The researchers found that connectivity between habitats is the most important factor influencing bird species distribution. They discovered that having connected habitats helps preserve overall biodiversity and is crucial for bird conservation in the region. The study suggests that maintaining stepping-stone habitats with good connectivity in riparian areas is essential for bird populations in mountainous terrain. The desert and riparian environments are key for bird species in the Altai-Sayan biodiversity ecoregion.