The article explores how restrictions on the movement of service suppliers impact services trade. By creating an index to measure these barriers, the researchers found that higher restrictiveness in Mode 4 trade reduces bilateral services exports by 8%. This effect is even more significant for intermediate services exports. The study also shows a negative correlation between the index and services imports delivered non-digitally, indicating connections between different ways of providing services. The results vary across different services sectors, highlighting the complexity of the relationship between trade barriers and services trade.