Trophic cascades in small warmwater ponds without fish and Daphnia were studied by adding a predaceous insect, Neoplea striola, to some ponds. The researchers found that the zooplankton community in the ponds was dominated by copepods, which did not show strong evidence of being affected by Neoplea. This suggests that trophic cascades may be weak or absent in fishless lowland water bodies where Daphnia are rare.